DB2 Data Types
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| String Data |
The DB2 string data types are listed here.
- CHAR(n)
- specifies a fixed-length column of length n for character string data. The maximum for n is 254.
- VARCHAR(n)
- specifies a varying-length column for character string data. n specifies the maximum length of the string. If n is greater than 254, the column is a long string column. DB2 imposes some restrictions on referencing long string columns.
- LONG VARCHAR
- specifies a varying-length column for character string data. DB2 determines the maximum length of this column. A column defined as LONG VARCHAR is always a long string column and, therefore, subject to referencing restrictions.
- GRAPHIC(n), VARGRAPHIC(n), LONG VARGRAPHIC
- specifies graphic strings and is comparable to the types for character strings. However, n specifies the number of double-byte characters, so the maximum value for n is 127. If n is greater than 127, the column is a long string column and is subject to referencing restrictions.
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| Numeric Data |
The DB2 numeric data types are listed here.
- SMALLINT
- specifies a small integer. Values in a column of this type can range from -32,768 through +32,767.
- INTEGER | INT
- specifies a large integer. Values in a column of this type can range from -2,147,483,648 through +2,147,483,647.
- REAL | FLOAT(n)
- specifies a single-precision, floating-point number. If n is omitted or if n is greater than 21, the column is double-precision. Values in a column of this type can range from approximately -7.2E+75 through 7.2E+75.
- FLOAT(n) | DOUBLE PRECISION | FLOAT | DOUBLE
- specifies a double-precision, floating-point number. n can range from 22 through 53. If n is omitted, 53 is the default. Values in a column of this type can range from approximately -7.2E+75 through 7.2E+75.
- DECIMAL(p,s) | DEC(p,s)
- specifies a packed-decimal number. p is the total number of digits (precision) and s is the number of digits to the right of the decimal point (scale). The maximum precision is 31 digits. The range of s is 0
s p.
If s is omitted, 0 is assigned and p may also be omitted. Omitting both s and p results in the default DEC(5,0). The maximum range of p is 1 -1031 to 1031 -1.
Even though the DB2 numeric columns have these distinct data types, the DB2 engine accesses, inserts, and loads all numerics as FLOATs.
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| Dates, Times, and Timestamps |
- DATE
- specifies date values in the format YYYY-MM-DD. For example, January 25, 1989, is input as 1989-01-25. Values in a column of this type can range from 0001-01-01 through 9999-12-31.
- TIME
- specifies time values in the format HH.MM.SS. For example, 2:25 p.m. is input as 14.25.00. Values in a column of this type can range from 00.00.00 through 24.00.00.
- TIMESTAMP
- combines a date and time and adds a microsecond to make a seven-part value of the format YYYY-MM-DD-HH.MM.SS.MMMMMM. For example, a timestamp for precisely 2:25 p.m. on January 25, 1989, is 1989-01-25-14.25.00.000000. Values in a column of this type can range from 0001-01-01-00.00.00.000000 through 9999-12-31-24.00.00.000000.
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| DB2 NULLs and DB2 Default Values |
Columns can be defined so that they do not allow NULL data. NOT NULL would indicate, for example, that DB2 does not allow a row to be added to the TESTID.CUSTOMERS table unless there's a value for CUSTOMER.
Columns can also be defined as NOT NULL WITH DEFAULT. The following table lists the default values assigned by DB2 to columns that are defined as NOT NULL WITH DEFAULT. An example of such a column is STATE in TESTID.CUSTOMERS. If a column is omitted from a view descriptor, default values are assigned to the column. However, if a column is specified in a view descriptor and it has no values, no default values are assigned.
| DB2 Column Type | DB2 Default* |
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| CHAR(n) | GRAPHIC(n) | blanks, unless the NULLCHARVAL= option is specified |
| VARCHAR | LONG VARCHAR | VARGRAPHIC | LONG VARGRAPHIC | empty string |
| SMALLINT | INT | FLOAT | DECIMAL | REAL | 0 |
| DATE | current date, derived from the system clock |
| TIME | current time, derived from the system clock |
| TIMESTAMP | current timestamp, derived from the system clock |
| *The default values that are listed in this table pertain to values that are assigned by DB2. | |
Knowing whether a DB2 column allows NULL values or whether DB2 supplies a default value can assist you in writing selection criteria and in entering values to update a table. Unless a column is defined as NOT NULL or NOT NULL WITH DEFAULT, the column allows NULL values.
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| LIBNAME Statement Data Conversions |
| DB2 Column Type | Default SAS Format |
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| CHAR(n) | $n. (n<=254) |
| VARCHAR(n) | $n.
$255. (n>255) |
| LONG VARCHAR | $n. |
| GRAPHIC(n), VARGRAPHIC(n), LONG VARGRAPHIC | $n.( n<=127)
$127. (n>127) |
| INTEGER | m.n |
| SMALLINT | m.n |
| DECIMAL(m,n) | m.n |
| FLOAT | none |
| NUMERIC(m,n) | m.n |
| DATE | DATE9. |
| TIME | TIME8. |
| DATETIME | DATETIME30.6 |
The following table shows the default DB2 data types that are assigned to SAS variable formats during output operations.
| SAS Variable Format | DB2 Data Type |
|---|---|
| $w., $CHARw., $VARYINGw., $HEXw. | CHARACTER |
| any date format | DATE |
| any time format | TIME |
| any datetime format | TIMESTAMP |
| all other numeric formats | FLOAT |
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| ACCESS Procedure Data Conversions |
| DB2 Column Type | Default SAS Format |
|---|---|
| CHAR(n) | $n. (n<=199) |
| VARCHAR(n) | $n.
$200. (n>200) |
| LONG VARCHAR | $n. |
| GRAPHIC(n), VARGRAPHIC(n), LONG VARGRAPHIC | $n.( n<=127)
$127. (n>127) |
| INTEGER | 11.0 |
| SMALLINT | 6.0 |
| DECIMAL(m,n) | m+2.s
for example, DEC(6,4) = 8.4 |
| REAL | E12.6 |
| DOUBLE PRECISION | E12.6 |
| FLOAT(n) | E12.6 |
| FLOAT | E12.6 |
| NUMERIC(m,n) | m.n |
| DATE | DATE7. |
| TIME | TIME8. |
| DATETIME | DATETIME30.6 |
Note: You can use the YEARCUTOFF= option to make your DATE7. dates comply with Year 2000 standards. For more information about this SAS system option, see SAS Language Reference: Dictionary. 